The Catholic Church considers marriage a sacrament, a sacred and indissoluble bond. Civil divorce, while dissolving a marriage legally, does not dissolve it in the eyes of the Church. Consequently, individuals who divorce and remarry civilly without an annulment, which declares the original marriage invalid from its inception, are considered to be in a state of adultery. This state of affairs presents challenges regarding participation in the sacrament of Holy Communion. Canon law restricts those in a state of mortal sin from receiving Communion, as reception necessitates being in full communion with the Church and living according to its teachings.
The Church’s stance stems from its understanding of marriage as a reflection of Christ’s union with the Church, a bond meant to be permanent and faithful. While the Church recognizes the reality of broken relationships and offers pastoral care to divorced individuals, its teachings on the indissolubility of marriage remain central. Historically, the Church has maintained this teaching, though the practical application and pastoral approaches have evolved over time, particularly in addressing the complex circumstances surrounding divorce and remarriage. The benefit of maintaining this position, according to Church teaching, lies in upholding the sanctity of marriage and providing a clear moral framework for its members.